What do we call the addition of excess nutrients to a body of water?

The addition of excess nutrients to a body of water is called eutrophication. This process typically occurs due to runoff from fertilizers, sewage, and other nutrient-rich sources entering aquatic ecosystems. The excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, fuel algal blooms, leading to increased primary production in the water. While this might initially seem beneficial, the rapid growth of algae can deplete oxygen in the water as they die and decompose, creating "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot survive.

Eutrophication is a significant environmental concern because it disrupts aquatic ecosystems, affects water quality, and can lead to the loss of biodiversity. Understanding this process helps in managing and mitigating the impacts of nutrient pollution in freshwater and marine environments.