Which substance is recognized as a neurotoxin?

Lead is recognized as a neurotoxin due to its harmful effects on the nervous system, particularly in young children. Exposure to lead can result in significant cognitive impairments, such as reduced IQ and developmental delays, as well as behavioral issues. Lead disrupts normal neuronal function by interfering with neurotransmitter release and by altering calcium signaling in nerve cells, which can lead to long-lasting effects on neural development and functioning.

In contrast, formaldehyde is primarily known for its carcinogenic properties rather than neurotoxicity. Chemical waste encompasses a broad range of substances, which can include various toxic compounds, but it does not specifically point to a neurotoxic effect like lead does. Arsenic, while it has toxic effects and can impact various bodily systems, is more associated with carcinogenic properties and does not primarily function as a neurotoxin in the way lead does. Thus, lead is specifically recognized for its neurotoxic effects on both developing and mature nervous systems.